ABSTRACT
We report the results of a short expedition to the remote headwaters of the River Rewa, a tributary of the River Essequibo in the Rupununi, Southern Guyana. We used a combination of camera trapping, mist netting and spot count surveys to document the mammalian and avian diversity found in the region. We recorded a total of 33 mammal species including all 8 of Guyana's monkey species as well as threatened species such as lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) and bush dog (Speothos venaticus). We recorded a minimum population size of 35 giant otters in five packs along the 95 km of river surveyed. In total we observed 193 bird species from 47 families. With the inclusion of Smithsonian Institution data from 2006, the bird species list for the Rewa Head rises to 250 from 54 families. These include 10 Guiana Shield endemics and two species recorded as rare throughout their ranges: the harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) and crested eagle (Morphnus guianensis).
Reportamos os resultados de uma curta expedição às remotas cabeceiras do Rio Rewa, tributário do Rio Essequibo no interior da Guiana. Utilizamos uma combinação de armadilhas fotográficas, redes de neblina e avistamento para documentar a diversidade de mamíferos e aves encontrados na região. Nós registramos um total de 33 espécies de mamíferos, incluindo todas as oito espécies de primatas que ocorrem na Guyana, além de espécies ameaçadas como anta (Tapirus terrestris), ariranha (Pteronura brasiliensis) e cachorro-do-mato (Speothos venaticus). Nós registramos uma população mínima de 35 ariranhas em cinco grupos no 95 km do rio. Registramos também um total de 187 espécies de aves que pertencem a 47 diferentes famílias. Incluindo os dados gerados pelo Smithsonian Institution em 2006, a lista de espécies para a cabeceira do Rio Rewa aumenta para 252, com 48 famílias, incluindo 10 espécies endêmicas do escudo das Guianas e duas espécies consideradas raras: a harpia (Harpia harpyja) e o gavião-real-falso (Morphnus guianensis).
ABSTRACT
The current analysis was undertaken to determine the effect of Nd: YAG laser in treatment of different stages of periampullary tumours, whether benign or malignant. Patients, In a retrospective study of 26 patients with a histological diagnosis of primary periampullary adenocarcinoma [8 patients], metastatic adenocrcinoma into periampullary region [8 patients] and adenoma with or without dysplasia [10 patients] which were classified into 3 groups A, B and C respectively. All patients treated in two main hospitals in Glasgow between 1988 and 1998, with Nd: YAG laser with different number of sessions [1-8], without any major complications. Group A, treatment was successful in ablating and relieving symptoms in 5 patients but failed in 3 patients. Group B, Nd: YAG laser succeeded to relieve symptoms but not increase survival, [median survival time was 5 months]. Group C, Nd: YAG Laser succeeded in relieving symptoms in all ten patients and completely ablated the tumour in most of them 9/10, median survival time 60 months. Nd: YAG laser appears to be an effective treatment for benign and early malignant primary periampullary tumours as well as for the palliation of advanced malignant tumours with the main advantages it can be used in patients unfit for surgery and it is associated with less complications than other surgical procedures. Although these results are encouraging, the sample is relatively small and further follow up is required in order to recommend Nd: YAG laser photoablation as additive modalities for these patients